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<XML><RECORDS>
<RECORD>
	<REFERENCE_TYPE>3</REFERENCE_TYPE>
	<AUTHORS>
		<AUTHOR>Koza, John R.</AUTHOR>
		<AUTHOR>III, Forrest H Bennett</AUTHOR>
		<AUTHOR>Andre, David</AUTHOR>
		<AUTHOR>Keane, Martin A.</AUTHOR>
	</AUTHORS>
	<YEAR>1996</YEAR>
	<TITLE>Four problems for which a computer program evolved by genetic programming is competitive with human performance</TITLE>
	<SECONDARY_TITLE>Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation</SECONDARY_TITLE>
	<PUBLISHER>IEEE Press</PUBLISHER>
	<VOLUME>1</VOLUME>
	<PAGES>1--10</PAGES>
	<KEYWORDS>
		<KEYWORD>genetic</KEYWORD>
		<KEYWORD>algorithms,</KEYWORD>
		<KEYWORD>genetic</KEYWORD>
		<KEYWORD>programming</KEYWORD>
	</KEYWORDS>
	<ABSTRACT>It would be desirable if computers could solve
                 problems without the need for a human to write the
                 detailed programmatic steps. That is, it would be
                 desirable to have a domain-independent automatic
                 programming technique in which &quot;What You Want Is What
                 You Get&quot; (&quot;WYWIWYG&quot; pronounced
                 &quot;wow-eee-wig&quot;). Genetic programming is such a
                 technique. This paper surveys three recent examples of
                 problems (from the fields of cellular automata and
                 molecular biology) in which genetic programming evolved
                 a computer program that produced results that were
                 slightly better than human performance for the same
                 problem. This paper then discusses the problem of
                 electronic circuit synthesis in greater detail. It
                 shows how genetic programming can evolve both the
                 topology of a desired electrical circuit and the sizing
                 (numerical values) for each component in a crossover
                 (woofer and tweeter) filter. Genetic programming has
                 also evolved the design for a lowpass filter, the
                 design of an amplifier, and the design for an
                 asymmetric bandpass filter that was described as being
                 difficult-to-design in an article in a leading
                 electrical engineering journal.</ABSTRACT>
	<URL>http://www.genetic-programming.com/jkpdf/icec1996.pdf</URL>
</RECORD>
</RECORDS></XML>