@inbook { koza:2000:idas,
	title = {Automatic design of analog electrical circuits using genetic programming},
	booktitle = {Intelligent Data Analysis in Science},
	editor = {Hugh Cartwright},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {172--200},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	type = {incollection},
	chapter = {8},
	address = {Oxford},
	abstract = {The design (synthesis) of analog electrical circuits
                 entails the creation of both the topology and sizing
                 (numerical values) of all of the circuit's components.
                 There has previously been no general automated
                 technique for automatically designing an analog
                 electrical circuit from a high-level statement of the
                 circuit's desired behavior. This chapter introduces
                 genetic programming and shows how it can be used to
                 automate the design of both the topology and sizing of
                 a suite of five prototypical analog circuits, including
                 a lowpass filter, a tri-state frequency discriminator
                 circuit, a 60 dB amplifier, a computational circuit for
                 the square root, and a time-optimal robot controller
                 circuit. The problem-specific information required for
                 each of the eight problems is minimal and consists
                 primarily of the number of inputs and outputs of the
                 desired circuit, the types of available components, and
                 a fitness measure that restates the high-level
                 statement of the circuit's desired behavior as a
                 measurable mathematical quantity. All five of these
                 genetically evolved circuits constitute instances of an
                 evolutionary computation technique solving a problem
                 that is usually thought to require human
                 intelligence.},
	keywords = {genetic algorithms, genetic programming},
	URL = {http://www.genetic-programming.com/jkpdf/idashcartwright2000.pdf},
	author = { Koza, John R.  and  III, Forrest H Bennett  and  Andre, David  and  Keane, Martin A.}
}