@conference { koza:1997:aptorc, title = {Automatic programming of a time-optimal robot controller and an analog electrical circuit to implement the robot controller by means of genetic programming}, year = {1997}, pages = {340--346}, publisher = {Computer Society Press}, type = {inproceedings}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, abstract = {Genetic programming is an automatic programming technique that evolves computer programs to solve, or approximately solve, problems. This paper presents two examples in which genetic programming creates a computer program for controlling a robot so that the robot moves to a specified destination point in minimal time. In the first approach, genetic programming evolves a computer program composed of ordinary arithmetic operations and conditional operations to implement a time-optimal control strategy. In the second approach, genetic programming evolves the design of an analog electrical circuit consisting of transistors, diodes, resistors, and power supplies to implement a near-optimal control strategy.}, keywords = {genetic algorithms, genetic programming}, URL = {http://www.genetic-programming.com/jkpdf/cira1997.pdf}, author = { Koza, John R. and III, Forrest H Bennett and Keane, Martin A. and Andre, David} }